Steve Dunham’s Trains of Thought

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Serious Catholic Thoughts

I’m not a conservative, liberal, or traditional Catholic. I don’t even claim to be a good Catholic. But I’m a serious Catholic.

All Scripture quotations, unless otherwise noted, are from the New American Bible (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1983)

Piling up prayers (posted Dec. 1, 2023)

Morality and the marketplace (posted Oct. 9, 2023)

Welcome to the end times? (posted Sep. 16, 2023; revised Sep. 24, 2023)

Mary, our life? (Aug. 17, 2023)

Driving like hell (July 15, 2023)

Are we serious about right and wrong? (June 12, 2023)

Dr. John Bruchalski: a serious Catholic (May 14, 2023)

Is it a mortal sin? (April 14, 2023)

Piling up prayers

“This [Christmas] novena is prayed for 25 days from November 30th through December 24th. The prayer is prayed daily, 15 times and promises great blessings!” This is according to our parish.

Cate Von Dohlen at Hallow.com promoted a different “St. Andrew Christmas Novena” with identical frequency, Nov. 30 to Dec. 24, 15 times a day.

“In your prayer do not rattle on like the pagans,” Jesus said. “They think they will win a hearing by the sheer multiplication of words. Do not imitate them. Your Father knows what you need before you ask him” (Matthew 6:7-8).

These Christmas novenas specifically prescribe multiplication of words: a prayer × 25 days × 15 recitations per day. The message from our parish indicates that you will win a hearing, with promises of great blessings.

“Do not rattle on.”

Morality and the marketplace

By Steve Dunham

Posted Oct. 9, 2023

It’s getting ever harder to be an American consumer without financially contributing to abortion and the Woke agenda (both are getting blatantly united: for example, a Planned Parenthood abortion clinic in Philadelphia has a banner with a rainbow and the word “Pride”).

Represented under the gay pride rainbow flag, the Woke beliefs—for example, that abortion is healthcare, that men can become women and vice-versa, that unions of any two people can be true marriage, that whites are all racists and blacks are all victims—are being promoted and funded by many companies.

“Several big-name brands and/or companies have come out publicly stating that they will fund abortion travel costs for their employees,” noted Concerned Women for America.

I don’t want to be funding abortion or the Woke agenda. But it’s hard to avoid when so many brands and retailers are putting money into it; even our local transit authority, on which we depend because we live car-free, promotes gay pride while struggling with safety, security, and reliability (I’ve noticed that when someone is devoting effort to the wrong things, often the right things are being neglected; as the writer Robert Benchley said, you can do any amount of work if it isn’t what you are supposed to be doing).

So when businesses are going Woke, what are Christians to do? “Eat whatever is sold in the market without raising any question of conscience.… But if someone should say to you, ‘This was offered in idol worship,’ do not eat it …” (1 Corinthians 10:25, 28a). I understand this to mean that we do not have an obligation to avoid businesses that offer money to the Woke idols, but I think we do have an opportunity. Where we spend our money can influence the actions of businesses and reduce the amount of money going to pay for evil.

One of the companies on the list of Concerned Women for America is Target. Target will pay for its employees to travel to get an abortion. Although this alienated some customers, it didn’t seem to make a huge dent in Target’s business despite the “Toss Target” campaign of Concerned Women for America. What really got consumers angry was Target’s 2023 Pride product line. Although Target has been selling gay pride products for years, its latest lineup included clothing for small children, particularly for boys to dress as girls and hide the shape of their genitals. “Target said its quarterly sales fell for the first time in six years—a result of customers’ ‘negative reaction’ to its spring ‘Pride’ clothing collection that featured ‘tuck-friendly’ swimwear and LGBTQ [lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer]-friendly gear for infants and children” (Shannon Thaler, “Target Reports First Quarterly Sales Drop in 6 Years After ‘Pride Month’ Disaster,” New York Post, Aug. 16, 2023). Target’s stock lost value too, “a whopping $13.8 billion … hitting its lowest levels in nearly three years as the ‘cheap chic’ discount retailer continues to face backlash over LGBTQ-friendly kids clothing” (Shannon Thaler and Lisa Fickenscher, “Target’s Stock Loses $13.8B, Sinks to Lowest Level Since 2020 Over Boycotts,” New York Post, May 31, 2023). Financially, Target got a bloody nose over its gay pride products this year, but I doubt that the company will back off from gay pride; it still sells gay pride merchandise, and it still pays for abortion travel.

Alerting Christians to Woke businesses, Concerned Women for America offers a list of companies to avoid along with alternative retailers, including some “brands that are explicitly pro-life.”

However, I don’t think that the growing problem of companies funding and promoting the Woke religion is only about how they spend their (and consumers’) money. I think that the devil and the Woke movement would love for everyone to be involved in supporting evil, even if the support is indirect. And will it remain passive support? The Bible describes how “Babylon the great” will make “all the nations drink the poisoned wine of her lewdness” even as “the world’s merchants” grow “rich from her” (Revelation 18:1-3). And the Beast will not allow anyone “to buy or sell anything unless” the person is “marked with the name of the beast” (Revelation 13:17-18).

What if, in order to buy anything, you must stand up and say, “Abortion is healthcare”?

Maybe the mark of the Beast will be a rainbow.

Welcome to the end times?

By Steve Dunham

Posted Sep. 16, 2023; revised Sep. 24, 2023

“Hail, Satan!” a man shouted at the people in a Life Chain, who were standing along a highway holding pro-life signs. Was he just a kook, or the tip of the iceberg?

“The Satanic Temple, which claims to have 1.5 million members,” sued Indiana and Idaho over their abortion bans “in a bid to safeguard its ‘satanic abortion ritual,’” reported the Washington Examiner (Ryan King, “Satanic Temple Sues Indiana to Defend ‘Satanic Abortion Ritual’ from Near-Total Ban,” Sep. 27, 2022, and Rachel Schilke, “Satanic Temple Adds Idaho to Campaign Challenging State Abortion Bans,” Oct. 7, 2022). Maybe “the Satanic Temple does not believe in flagrant worshiping of Lucifer,” as the Examiner reported on Sep. 27, 2022 (maybe subtle, not flagrant, worship of Lucifer?), but it clearly aligns itself with Satan and claims abortion, including “religious” chemical abortions, as one of its rituals (Jeremiah Poff, “Satanic Temple Launches Virtual ‘Religious Medication Abortion’ Clinic,” Washington Examiner, Feb. 1, 2023): “The Satanic Temple announced plans to provide abortion-inducing drugs by mail to women in New Mexico.”

Many of those who endorse abortion do not consider it satanic; in fact, many call themselves Christians. But I don’t doubt that abortion pleases Satan, and the Satanic Temple wished that Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito had been aborted (“Satanic Temple Launches Virtual ‘Religious Medication Abortion’ Clinic”).

Abortion is all about killing, so I think that, if they get their chance, many of those who support abortion would be happy to kill those who oppose it (one passerby at an abortion clinic outside which I and others were praying said he looked forward to our deaths).

They may get their chance. A “national student survey, conducted by McLaughlin & Associates,” found that “48% are OK with the death penalty to punish those accused of hate speech” (Paul Bedard, “College Students Turn More Liberal, OK Speech Death Penalty,” Washington Examiner, Nov. 30, 2022). Bedard said that many on “the Left” consider speaking against abortion a “hate crime.”

Some places already have laws against offering free help to women outside abortion clinics. “‘Sidewalk counselors’ … share with young women entering the facility that abortion isn’t the only solution, that help is available, and that they aren’t alone” (Michael Warsaw, “There’s No Abortion Exception in the First Amendment,” National Catholic Register, Sep. 7, 2023). Westchester County, New York, “passed a law that made sidewalk counseling within 100 feet of an abortion business a criminal misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of up to $5,000 and a year in jail.” Colorado, Montana, and Chicago “have adopted similar buffer zone laws.”

Public prayer can also bring punishment. “Washington state high-school football coach Joseph Kennedy, who won an eight-year court battle to be able to pray at midfield after games … is accusing school officials of retaliating against him” (Matthew McDonald, “Washington Football Coach Resigns, Citing ‘Retaliation’ for His Supreme Court Victory,” National Catholic Register, Sep. 8, 2023). Hiram Sasser of First Liberty Institute “told Fox & Friends … that the team wouldn’t give Kennedy a play card, which coaches use to draw up plays for the game, wouldn’t give him a coaching assignment for the game, wouldn’t give him a locker, banned him from the team meal, banned him from certain team meetings, and wouldn’t allow him to stand near the head coach or players during the game,” reported the Register. “… Kennedy told Fox 13 Seattle … that school administrators wanted him to keep a 25-foot perimeter from students during prayers and to wait 20 minutes after a game before praying. Communication with the players was also limited.” The 2022 Supreme Court decision in Kennedy’s favor said that the Constitution does not permit the government to suppress religious expression, according to the Register, but if not suppressing it, the school is certainly punishing it.

Although the Constitution says that Congress may not make a law establishing a religion, many state and local governments are enforcing the Woke religion, which states, among other tenets, that abortion is good, that men can become women, that women can become men, that unions of any two people can be true marriage, and that whites are all racists and blacks are all victims—all beliefs, not scientific facts. Parents who disagree with the belief that people can change their gender are likely to not be informed if their child wants to be a girl instead of a boy or a boy instead of a girl; some schools will encourage and assist a child to “transition” from one sex to another and not inform the parents.

The Woke movement, the Satanic Temple, and others will not, I believe, be content to suppress public opposition. Remember St. Thomas More, who did not speak out against the king’s divorce and marriage to another woman; he merely kept silent about it and was executed for treason. St. Thomas More may be an example for us all.

For most of my life, I have heard people saying that the end times prophesied in the Bible are upon us. They may be right. With speaking against abortion and other evils being labeled a hate crime and with an increasing number of people willing to punish hate speech with death, the world seems to be heading toward a time of tribulation for those who stay faithful to God.

[I had written, “In California, parents who do not accept the Woke dogma and do not encourage and assist a child to ‘transition’ can lose custody of the child.” The California legislature passed a bill stipulating this, but the governor vetoed it, so it did not become law.]

Mary, our life?

By Steve Dunham

Aug. 17, 2023

The prayer “Hail, Holy Queen” calls Mary, the mother of Jesus, “our life, our sweetness and our hope.”

The hymn “Salve Regina” (“Hail, Queen”) calls Mary our life.

On the Catholic Answers website, someone asked, “In the Prayer ‘Hail, Holy Queen,’ We Call Mary ‘Our Life, Our Sweetness, and Our Hope.’ Is This Proper?

Father Vincent Serpa, Order of Preachers (that is, a Dominican priest), answered, “How often have we heard people refer to their children as their life? We are not inclined to take this literally. It doesn’t mean that their children have taken the place of God in their lives. It simply expresses how important their children are to them.

“So with Mary. She is special but not because she has any super power of her own. She is our life because she is the channel the Father chose to bring us her Son.”

So Father Serpa seemed to agree that it might be a problem to mean the prayer literally.

What about calling our children our life? It might be an exaggeration, but it might indicate misordered priorities. Jesus said, “Whoever loves father or mother, son or daughter, more than me is not worthy of me” (Matthew 10:37). So considering our children our life is not necessarily innocent.

On the Catholic Lane website, in “Featured, Live in Christ,” August 21, 2012, Father Edward Looney wrote, “Recently, a friend posed the following question to me: Why do we call Mary our life, our sweetness and our hope? To answer this question, I turned to one of the doctors of the Church, St. Alphonsus Liguori, who wrote an explanation of the Salve Regina in his monumental work The Glories of Mary. St. Alphonsus identifies two reasons as to why Mary is our life. Mary is our life because she obtains for us the pardon of our sins and because she obtains for us perseverance.”

I don’t find that convincing. St. Stephen prayed for pardon for those who were killing him. If his prayer obtained pardon for them, that didn’t make him their life. If I pray for others to have the grace of perseverance and they persevere, that doesn’t make me their life.

On the Aleteia website, someone wrote, “When Catholics pray that Mary is ‘our life, our sweetness, and our hope,’ that proves beyond any reasonable doubt that they do indeed worship Mary. To say that Mary is your life and your sweetness and your hope is to elevate her above Jesus, because Jesus is actually the life, the sweetness, and the hope of all true Christians.”

John Martignoniis, “a nationally-known Catholic apologist and Bible scholar,” answered, “You are taking that quote about Mary being ‘our life, our sweetness, and our hope,’ from one prayer that Catholics are known to pray. This prayer is known as the ‘Hail, Holy Queen.’

“I find it curious that you would take one line, from one prayer, that not all Catholics even know, and use that one line from that one prayer to portray Catholics as elevating Mary to a place above Jesus. May I ask if you have ever bothered to read the Catechism—the official teaching of the Catholic Church—to see what it says about whether or not we consider Mary to be divine? Or have you read the documents of any Church Councils, Vatican Council II in particular, or any papal encyclicals or any other such official Church documents to see what they say about whether or not Catholics consider Mary to be divine? No, of course not.…”

I noticed that Martignoniis did not answer the question; he only said that the person was wrong to reach a conclusion from the plain sense of the prayer without reading the catechism, church council documents, encyclicals, or other Church documents (to find out that “our life” really means something else, or that it’s OK to call Mary “our life”?). I have read some of those documents, and I didn’t learn that “our life” really means something else or that it’s OK to call Mary our life.

When joining in the “Hail, Holy Queen” prayer, I add one word: of. I say, “Mother of mercy, of our life, our sweetness, and our hope.” Even without that second of, you could even take the prayer to mean that Mary is the mother of those things, not that she is those things. However, Father Serpa, Father Looney, St. Alphonsus, and Mr. Martignoniis did not seem to see that meaning in it. However, I like to make it explicit that Mary is the mother of our life. “I am the way, and the truth, and the life,” said Jesus (John 14:6). Jesus, not Mary, is our life.

Driving like hell

By Steve Dunham

July 15, 2023

Maybe you need to be prayed over for deliverance from an evil spirit if you would say something like that about one of the community leaders, I was told. I had said I had been driving to a gathering of a Catholic community I belonged to, doing the speed limit on a winding, hilly road, and being tailgated most of the way. When the driver who was in a hurry finally passed me, I saw that it was one of the top leaders of the community. I said later in a small group meeting of the community that maybe the leader should consider Romans 13:1: “Let everyone obey the authorities that are over him.” Suggesting that Catholic leaders should obey traffic laws! Doesn’t that sound demonic?

In the places I have lived—New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Virginia, and now Pennsylvania—a huge proportion of drivers excuse themselves from obeying traffic laws. Not only that, a lot of them are quick to punish those who obey the laws. When I was still driving, I estimated that about once per mile I was punished for driving the speed limit in the right-hand lane: I was tailgated, given the finger, yelled at, cursed at, had high-beams flashed at me. This continual punishment was the main reason I stopped driving.

Some of the other tailgaters were Catholics as well. To have someone tailgating me on the way to church and then offer me Communion—that’s messed up. When that happened, I would just not receive Communion (I couldn’t switch Communion lines: I was an usher).

I once wrote a newspaper column about the contrast between pious-sounding bumper stickers and people’s actual behavior. I thought I would get a lot of hate mail, but I got amens instead except for one person who said I was dangerous. Dangerous, demonic, antisocial—yeah, I was called all of those for obeying traffic laws.

On the contrary, I’ve heard scofflaws say, “I didn’t hurt anybody.” No? Even if they didn’t physically injure anyone, did they steal people’s safety? Did they make it harder for people to cross the street? Did they contribute to an environment where people who drive legally are punished? Actions have consequences; maybe disregarding traffic laws did hurt somebody.

The Bible not only says you must not kill. It also says you must not endanger your neighbor’s life (Leviticus 19:16, New International Version).

Where I live in Pennsylvania, it’s somewhat unusual to see a driver obey a stop sign, even when I’m crossing the street. Are those drivers endangering people? I’ve been hit by a car only once (the driver had a red light; I was crossing a street with a green light). Can the rest of the drivers excuse themselves and say they didn’t hurt anybody?

Should Catholics obey traffic laws? Or is that idea antisocial, dangerous, or demonic?

Are we serious about right and wrong?

By Steve Dunham

June 12, 2023

The Catholic Church has clear teachings about right and wrong, and Catholics are often energetic and generous about doing good. My current parish in Pennsylvania and my previous parish in Virginia have numerous programs to feed the hungry, clothe the naked, counsel the doubtful, and more. These works of mercy, as the Church calls them, are what we will be judged on (Matthew 25:21-46). Loving our neighbor is the second-greatest commandment, after loving God (Matthew 22:37-39).

What about sin? Especially, what about the sins that much of society is promoting? Are we serious about divorce and remarriage, same-sex marriage, abortion, trying to alter children’s gender, or contraception? While the parishes I’ve attended in recent decades have generally been active in charity, the sins that so much of society is calling good or at least necessary have gotten little mention, except for some talk of abortion. Outside church, Catholics do hear about them: we continually hear that divorce and remarriage are not wrong, that same-sex marriage is natural and a right, that abortion is necessary and a right, and that gender-confused children should receive permanent, mutilating surgery without parental consent. I don’t hear much about contraception any more, inside church or outside.

Jesus clearly taught that to divorce your spouse and marry another is adultery, yet said, “Not everyone can accept this teaching … Let him accept this teaching who can” (Matthew 19:11-12). Maybe that’s a loophole big enough to drive a chariot through. But if we accept the Gospel teaching on divorce, do we see attending the wedding or reception for someone who is divorced and marrying another as a celebration of adultery? “In the case of a marriage that is presumed invalid, Canon Law does not prohibit Catholics from attending, but it’s something that you must carefully discern,” according to Lindsey Kettner of Relevant Radio (“Can I Attend the Wedding of My Divorced Friend?April 30, 2018).

I’m afraid that many Catholics don’t even consider whether they should be celebrating marriage after divorce, or celebrating same-sex marriage, or accepting abortion as someone else’s personal choice, or acquiescing in schools’ and governments’ demands that gender-confused children be given permanent, mutilating surgery. What about sex outside marriage; what about contraception? If they do think about them, do they consider these things important?

Yes, it can alienate people to preach about these things. Also, the Church has a credibility problem. Decades of abuse by some priests destroyed a lot of people’s trust and impaired the trust of many more. A lot of people have left the Church because of the scandal. Others, excused from attending Mass during the pandemic, have not returned.

Maybe some of the clergy are afraid of driving away more people by preaching unpopular morals. Yet a quiet truce with the world is not likely to produce devoted followers.

Sometimes it’s not even a truce, it’s surrender. “By and large,” Ontario, Canada, Catholic schools have bowed to “transgender ideology and are allowing biological males into” girls’ “washrooms and … actively persecuting any faithful Catholic who speaks out against it,” said Jack Fonseca, director of political operations for Campaign Life Coalition, according to Susan Klemond (“Why Was a Canadian Student Expelled From Catholic School for Opposing Transgender Bathroom Policy?National Catholic Register, Feb. 16, 2023).

However, the Church clearly states the truth. Three examples:

“‘Every sexual act outside of marriage is a sin,’ the Pope wrote to Jesuit Father James Martin,” according to the Catholic News Service (Hannah Brockhaus, “Pope Francis Clarifies Comments on Sin and Homosexuality,” Jan. 28, 2023).

“A person who identifies as transgender may experience troubling feelings, confusion, or a mistaken belief that he or she is or can ‘become’ someone different. The Church does not teach that people who experience gender dysphoria or confusion are immoral or bad. At the same time, a person who deliberately rejects his or her given identity or the sexed body and seeks harmful medical or surgical interventions is pursuing a path that is objectively wrong and harmful on many levels.… it is essential to listen and seek to understand their experiences. They need to know they are loved and valued, and that the Church hears their concerns and takes them seriously” (“A Catechesis on the Human Person and Gender Ideology,” Bishop Michael Burbidge, Diocese of Arlington, Virginia).

“Every marital act must of necessity retain its intrinsic relationship to the procreation of human life” (Pope Paul VI,Humanae Vitae” [Human Life], 1968).

These teachings are unpopular. “The world” hates me, said Jesus, “because of the evidence I bring against it/ that what it does is evil” (John 7:7). And “if you find that the world hates you, know it has hated me before you” (John 15:18). This second quotation immediately follows Jesus’s commandment “Love one another.”

Love God, love your neighbor, love one another. And live differently. Do not accept or approve the sins that much of society is promoting. That’s a lifelong, serious challenge.

Dr. John Bruchalski: a serious Catholic

By Steve Dunham

May 14, 2023

Dr. John Bruchalski is the founder of Tepeyac, a pro-life obstetrics and gynecological practice. Its mission is “to provide excellent medical care, to practice in accordance with the teachings of the Catholic Church, and to see the poor every day.” It is funded especially by the associated nonprofit Divine Mercy Care, which advances “pro-life healthcare through programs that serve those in need,” and it educates and inspires “caregivers and medical professionals … to ensure that all women have access to the life-affirming care they deserve.” Divine Mercy Care helped create the Pro-Women’s Healthcare Centers network … of autonomous centers nationwide that unite together under shared standards of high-quality life-affirming medicine.” Tepeyac is one of those centers.

However, Dr. Bruchalski’s medical practice was once very different. He used to think that, in time, all people “would recognize that abortion, contraception, and sexual liberation were necessary for women to flourish,” he told Imprint magazine (Winter 2022, published by the Sisters of Life), for which Sr. Rose Patrick O’Connor interviewed him. “‘I have to liberate women,’ I thought,” he told her. “‘I have to provide abortion on demand.’ And that’s what I learned to do.…

“I learned to do first-, second-, and third-trimester abortions … I learned about IUDs, pills, and sterilizations” and “in-vitro fertilization.

“… during this time that I was doing abortions … a wonderful doctor challenged me and said, ‘You’re better than this.’” And Dr. Bruchalski’s mother invited him along on a pilgrimage, even though he had left the Catholic Church. “I had an engagement—heart to heart, so to speak, eye to eye, soul to soul—with our Lord and Savior, and our Blessed Mother.…” he told Imprint. “I realized I was serving two patients—the mom and the child [his new book is titled Two Patients]. I began to believe health is based on … sacrificial relationships—” doctor-patient, “patient-family, and between us and our Lord. Medicine was an act of mercy … like housing the homeless and clothing the naked.” So he started Tepeyac.

A few years later, I met him. I had a temporary job, little money, no health insurance, and a pregnant wife. It wasn’t a crisis pregnancy, but I knew some people at a crisis pregnancy center and told them that at five months pregnant, my wife hadn’t yet had prenatal care during this pregnancy because we were really short on money. They put me in touch with Dr. Bruchalski, and from him and Tepeyac we received prenatal care, delivery, and hospitalization at no charge. That’s mercy—and serious Catholicism.

Is it a mortal sin?

By Steve Dunham

April 15, 2023

Is racism a mortal sin? What about adultery? Abortion?

“Racism is a mortal sin,” wrote Archbishop Nelson Perez of Philadelphia (“Letter from Archbishop Pérez to the Saint Hubert High School Community in the Wake of Racial Tension,” Feb. 10, 2023 ).

“Adultery is a mortal sin,” wrote Father William Saunders (“Church Weddings: Obligation to Faith or Family?” Catholic Culture, 2005).

“We implore Your mercy upon those who endanger their very souls by taking innocent human life,” wrote Bishop George Lynch in the Interfaith Light for Life Prayer (circa 1989). He didn’t say that abortionists necessarily damn themselves by taking innocent human life, only that they are committing a serious sin and in danger of damnation.

Racism, adultery, and abortion are all serious matters. But “Catholic morality not only takes into consideration the matter, but also evaluates freedom and intention; and this, for every kind of sin,” said Pope Francis (quoted in “Pope Francis Clarifies Comments on Sin and Homosexuality” by Hannah Brockhaus, Catholic News Agency, Jan. 28, 2023). Many other sins are serious matters. To be mortal sins, the sinner has to know that the sin is seriously wrong and do it anyway. I imagine it’s possible for someone to be racist and not know that it is seriously wrong or to be racist out of upbringing or habit without a definite decision to be racist. Serious, yes. Always mortal, I don’t think so.

Also, the Church defines failing to meet the holy day obligation as a serious matter. Because holy days themselves, unlike the commandment to keep the Lord’s day holy, could involve serious obligations or not, depending on which holy days the Church chooses for obligatory status, I fear that to have missing Mass on a holy day of obligation be a potential mortal sin (if full knowledge and consent are present) detracts from other serious matters such as abortion or divorce and remarriage.* Some Catholics might conclude that divorce and remarriage, being in the same category as missing Mass on the Feast of the Immaculate Conception, is not a big sin and maybe sinful only because of a Church rule that could change.

Classifying sins as serious only if they are objectively morally wrong, and not based on a changeable rule, would, I think, help make it clear which things are serious matters. Also, people could be more careful before using the words mortal sin and acknowledge that not only a serious matter but also full knowledge and consent of the will are required for a sin to be mortal.

It’s not just a matter of words; it’s about salvation and damnation.

*This is borrowed from a letter I had published in the Arlington (Virginia) Catholic Herald in December 2010.


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